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<td><h2>Safe Numerics</h2></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="safe_numeric.exception_policies"></a>exception_policy&lt;AE, IDB, UB, UV&gt;</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="toc"><dl class="toc">
<dt><span class="section"><a href="exception_policies.html#idm130202951248">Description</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="exception_policies.html#idm130202949952">Template Parameters</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="exception_policies.html#idm130202934048">Model of</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="exception_policies.html#idm130202932336">Inherited Valid Expressions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="exception_policies.html#idm130202930224">Function Objects</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="exception_policies.html#idm130202892272">Policies Provided by the library</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="exception_policies.html#idm130202855952">Header</a></span></dt>
</dl></div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="idm130202951248"></a>Description</h4></div></div></div>
<p>Create a valid exception policy from 4 function objects. This
    specifies the actions to be taken for different types of invalid
    results.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="idm130202949952"></a>Template Parameters</h4></div></div></div>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col align="left">
<col align="left">
<col align="left">
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th align="left">Parameter</th>
<th align="left">Type Requirements</th>
<th align="left">Invoked when:</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left"><code class="computeroutput">AE</code></td>
<td align="left">Function object callable with the expression AE(e,
            message)</td>
<td align="left"><p>The operation cannot produce valid arithmetic result
            such as overflows, divide by zero, etc.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><code class="computeroutput">UB</code></td>
<td align="left">Function object callable with the expression UB(e,
            message)</td>
<td align="left"><p>The result is undefined by the C++
            standard</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><code class="computeroutput">IDB</code></td>
<td align="left">Function object callable with the expression IDB(e,</td>
<td align="left"><p>The result depends upon implementation defined
            behavior according to the C++ standard</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><code class="computeroutput">UV</code></td>
<td align="left">Function object callable with the expression UV(e,
            message)</td>
<td align="left"><p>A variable is not initialized</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="idm130202934048"></a>Model of</h4></div></div></div>
<p><a class="link" href="promotion_policy.html" title="PromotionPolicy&lt;PP&gt;">ExceptionPolicy</a></p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="idm130202932336"></a>Inherited Valid Expressions</h4></div></div></div>
<p>This class implements all the valid operations from the type
    requirements <a class="link" href="promotion_policy.html" title="PromotionPolicy&lt;PP&gt;">ExceptionPolicy</a>. Aside
    from these, there are no other operations implemented.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="idm130202930224"></a>Function Objects</h4></div></div></div>
<p>In order to create an exception policy, one needs some function
    objects. The library includes some appropriate examples of these:</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col align="left">
<col align="left">
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th align="left">Name</th>
<th align="left">Description</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left"><code class="computeroutput">ignore_exception</code></td>
<td align="left">Ignore any runtime exception and just return - thus
            propagating the error. This is what would happen with unsafe data
            types</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><code class="computeroutput">throw_exception</code></td>
<td align="left">throw an exception of type std::system_error</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><code class="computeroutput">trap_exception</code></td>
<td align="left">Invoke a function which is undefined. Compilers will
            include this function if and only if there is a possibility of a
            runtime error. Conversely, This will create a compile time error
            if there is any possibility that the operation will fail at
            runtime. Use the action to guarantee that your application will
            never produce an invalid result. Any operation invoke</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<p>But of course one is free to provide his own. Here is an example of
    a function object which would could be used exception conditions.</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="comment">// log an exception condition but continue processing as though nothing has happened</span>
<span class="comment">// this would emulate the behavior of an unsafe type.</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">log_runtime_exception</span> <span class="special">{</span>
    <span class="identifier">log_runtime_exception</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">safe_numerics_error</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">e</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">message</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">{</span>
        <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">"Caught system_error with code "</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">e</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">code</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span> 
                  <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="string">" meaning "</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">e</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">what</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="char">'\n'</span><span class="special">;</span>
    <span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">}</span><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="idm130202892272"></a>Policies Provided by the library</h4></div></div></div>
<p>The above function object can be composed into an exception policy
    by this class. The library provides common policies all ready to use. In
    the table below, the word "loose" is used to indicate that implementation
    defined and undefined behavior is not considered an exceptional condition,
    while "strict" means the opposite. The word "exception" means that a
    runtime exception will be thrown. The word "trap" means that the mere
    possibility of an error condition will result in a compile time
    error.</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col align="left">
<col align="left">
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th align="left">Name</th>
<th align="left">Description</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left">
<a name="safe_numerics.exception_policies.loose_exception_policy"></a><a class="link" href="exception_policies.html#safe_numerics.exception_policies.loose_exception_policy">loose_exception_policy</a>
</td>
<td align="left">Throws runtime exception on any arithmetic error.
              Undefined and implementation defined behavior is permitted as
              long as it does not produce an arithmetic error.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">
<a name="safe_numerics.exception_policies.loose_trap_policy"></a><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="exception_policies.html#safe_numerics.exception_policies.loose_trap_policy">loose_trap_policy</a></code>
</td>
<td align="left">Invoke a compile time error in any case where it's
              possible to result in an arithmetic error.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">
<a name="safe_numerics.exception_policies.strict_exception_policy"></a><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="exception_policies.html#safe_numerics.exception_policies.strict_exception_policy">strict_exception_policy</a></code>
</td>
<td align="left">Throws runtime exception on any arithmetic error. Any
              undefined or implementation defined behavior also results in
              throwing an exception.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">
<a name="safe_numerics.exception_policies.strict_trap_policy"></a><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="exception_policies.html#safe_numerics.exception_policies.strict_trap_policy">strict_trap_policy</a></code>
</td>
<td align="left">Invoke a compile time error in any case where it's
              possible to result in an arithmetic error, undefined behavior or
              implementation defined behavior</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">
<a name="safe_numerics.exception_policies.default_exception_policy"></a><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="exception_policies.html#safe_numerics.exception_policies.default_exception_policy">default_exception_policy</a></code>
</td>
<td align="left">an alias for <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="exception_policies.html#safe_numerics.exception_policies.strict_exception_policy">strict_exception_policy</a></code>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<p>If none of the above suit your needs, you're free to
    create your own. Here is one where use the logging function object defined
    above as a component in a loose exception policy which logs any arithmetic
    errors and ignores any other types of errors.</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="comment">// logging policy</span>
<span class="comment">// log arithmetic errors but ignore them and continue to execute</span>
<span class="comment">// implementation defined and undefined behavior is just executed</span>
<span class="comment">// without logging.</span>

<span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">logging_exception_policy</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">exception_policy</span><span class="special">&lt;</span>
    <span class="identifier">log_runtime_exception</span><span class="special">,</span>    <span class="comment">// arithmetic error</span>
    <span class="identifier">ignore_exception</span><span class="special">,</span>         <span class="comment">// implementation defined behavior</span>
    <span class="identifier">ignore_exception</span><span class="special">,</span>         <span class="comment">// undefined behavior</span>
    <span class="identifier">ignore_exception</span>          <span class="comment">// uninitialized value</span>
<span class="special">&gt;</span><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="idm130202855952"></a>Header</h4></div></div></div>
<p><a href="../../include/concept/exception_policy.hpp" target="_top"><code class="computeroutput">#include
    &lt;boost/numeric/safe_numerics/concept/exception_policy.hpp&gt;</code></a></p>
</div>
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<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright &#169; 2012-2018 Robert Ramey<p><a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">Subject to Boost
      Software License</a></p>
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