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      <font size="6" face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>Values</b></font>
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<p>
Whenever we see a constant in a curryable-function such as the plus above, an actor&lt;value&lt;T&gt; &gt; (where T is the type of the constant) is, by default, automatically created for us. For instance, the example plus above is actually equivalent to:</p>
<code><pre>
    <span class=identifier>plus</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=identifier>arg1</span><span class=special>, </span><span class=identifier>actor</span><span class=special>&lt;</span><span class=identifier>value</span><span class=special>&lt;</span><span class=keyword>int</span><span class=special>&gt; &gt;(</span><span class=identifier>value</span><span class=special>&lt;</span><span class=keyword>int</span><span class=special>&gt;(</span><span class=number>6</span><span class=special>)))
</span></pre></code>
<p>
A nifty shortcut is the val(v) utility function. The expression above is also equivalent to:</p>
<code><pre>
    <span class=identifier>plus</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=identifier>arg1</span><span class=special>, </span><span class=identifier>val</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=number>6</span><span class=special>))
</span></pre></code>
<p>
actor&lt;value&lt;int&gt; &gt;(value&lt;int&gt;(6)) is implicitly created behind the scenes, so there's really no need to explicitly type everything but:</p>
<code><pre>
    <span class=identifier>plus</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=identifier>arg1</span><span class=special>, </span><span class=number>6</span><span class=special>)
</span></pre></code>
<p>
There are situations though, as we'll see later on, where we might want to explicily write val(x).</p>
<p>
Like arguments, values are also actors. As such, values can be evaluated through the actor's operator(). Such invocation gives the value's identity. Example:</p>
<code><pre>
    <span class=identifier>cout </span><span class=special>&lt;&lt; </span><span class=identifier>val</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=number>3</span><span class=special>)() &lt;&lt; </span><span class=identifier>val</span><span class=special>(</span><span class=string>&quot;Hello World&quot;</span><span class=special>)();

    </span><span class=identifier>prints </span><span class=identifier>out </span><span class=string>&quot;3 Hello World&quot;</span><span class=special>.
</span></pre></code>
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<p class="copyright">Copyright &copy; 2001-2002 Joel de Guzman<br>
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<font size="2">Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
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